1. Noun
* Common Noun: Names a general class of people, places, things, or ideas.
* Examples: boy, city, book, happiness
* Proper Noun: Names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Always capitalized.
* Examples: John, London, Taj Mahal, Christmas
* Concrete Noun: Refers to things that can be perceived by the senses (seen, touched, heard, smelled, tasted).
* Examples: table, flower, music, aroma
* Abstract Noun: Refers to ideas, qualities, or conditions that cannot be directly perceived by the senses.
* Examples: love, justice, freedom, happiness
* Collective Noun: Refers to a group of people or things considered as a single unit.
* Examples: team, family, crowd, flock
* Material Noun: Names a substance or material.
* Examples: gold, wood, water, air
2. Pronoun
* Personal Pronoun: Refers to the speaker, the person spoken to, or the person or thing spoken about.
* Examples: I, you, he, she, it, we, they, me, him, her, us, them
* Reflexive Pronoun: Refers back to the subject of the sentence. Ends in "-self" or "-selves."
* Examples: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
* Interrogative Pronoun: Used to ask questions.
* Examples: who, whom, which, what, whose
* Relative Pronoun: Introduces a subordinate clause and connects it to the main clause.
* Examples: who, whom, which, that, whose
* Demonstrative Pronoun: Points to a specific person, place, or thing.
* Examples: this, that, these, those
* Indefinite Pronoun: Refers to a person, place, or thing in a general way.
* Examples: all, some, any, many, few, each, every, none, somebody, nobody
3. Adjective
* Adjective of Quality: Describes the quality or characteristic of a noun.
* Examples: beautiful, tall, happy, intelligent
* Adjective of Quantity: Shows how much or how many of something there is.
* Examples: much, little, some, all, many, few
* Adjective of Number: Shows the order or position of something in a series.
* Examples: first, second, third, last, next
* Demonstrative Adjective: Points to a specific person, place, or thing.
* Examples: this, that, these, those
* Interrogative Adjective: Used to ask questions.
* Examples: which, what, whose
* Distributive Adjective: Refers to each member of a group separately.
* Examples: each, every, either, neither
4. Verb
* Finite Verb: Shows person, number, and tense.
* Non-Finite Verb: Does not show person, number, and tense.
* Participle:
* Present Participle: Ends in "-ing" (e.g., playing, singing)
* Past Participle: Often ends in "-ed," "-en," or "-t" (e.g., played, broken, eaten)
* Perfect Participle: Formed with "having" + past participle (e.g., having played, having eaten)
* Perfect Participle Passive: Formed with "having been" + past participle (e.g., having been played, having been eaten)
* Infinitive:
* Present Infinitive: "to" + verb (e.g., to play, to eat)
* Present Continuous Infinitive: "to be" + present participle (e.g., to be playing, to be eating)
* Present Infinitive Passive: "to be" + past participle (e.g., to be played, to be eaten)
* Perfect Infinitive: "to have" + past participle (e.g., to have played, to have eaten)
* Perfect Continuous Infinitive: "to have been" + present participle (e.g., to have been playing, to have been eating)
* Perfect Infinitive Passive: "to have been" + past participle (e.g., to have been played, to have been eaten)
* Gerund: Verb form ending in "-ing" that functions as a noun. (e.g., Playing is fun.)
* Transitive Verb: Takes a direct object. (e.g., She wrote a letter.)
* Intransitive Verb: Does not take a direct object. (e.g., He slept soundly.)
* Causative Verb: Indicates that someone or something causes something else to happen. (e.g., He made her laugh.)
* Quasi-passive Verb: A verb that expresses a state resulting from a past action. (e.g., The window is broken.)
* Reflexive Verb: The action of the verb is directed back to the subject. (e.g., He washed himself.)
* Reciprocal Verb: Expresses a mutual action between two or more people or things. (e.g., They hugged each other.)
* Impersonal Verb: A verb that does not have a specific subject. (e.g., It is raining.)
* Strong Verb: Forms its past tense by changing the vowel sound (e.g., sing - sang, swim - swam)
* Weak Verb: Forms its past tense by adding "-ed" or "-d" (e.g., play - played, walk - walked)
5. Adverb
* Modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb.
* Examples: quickly, slowly, very, extremely, often
6. Preposition
* Shows the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words in the sentence.
* Examples: in, on, at, of, to, from, with, for, by
7. Conjunction
* Joins words, phrases, or clauses.
* Coordinating Conjunction: Joins words, phrases, or clauses of equal rank. (e.g., and, but, or, so, yet)
* Subordinating Conjunction: Joins a subordinate clause to a main clause. (e.g., because, although, since, while, if)
8. Interjection
* Expresses strong emotion or surprise.
* Examples: Oh!, Wow!, Alas!, Ouch!
I hope this comprehensive explanation helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.
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